上一期我们了解了宋代的茶文化，包括宋代的龙团凤饼茶，宋代寺院茶礼和日本茶道的渊源。在本期内容开始前，先回顾上一期节目的课后问答：

Q:根据上下文，猜出skill这个词的含义吗？

A:skill就是指点茶的技艺，点茶的技巧。

本期内容——明清时期的茶文化

明清时期茶文化的特点就是散茶代替了原来的团饼茶。明代1391年，朱元璋皇帝下诏废团饼茶，改贡散茶，使得散茶成为了主流。于是，饮茶方式发生了划时代的变化，“唐煮宋点”成为历史，取而代之的是沸水冲泡叶茶的泡饮法，新式茶具如茶壶、储茶罐等等也应运而生。

到了清代，中国茶文化对内走向世俗，茶馆茶号纷纷出现，对外则以贸易的形式迅速走向世界，一度垄断了整个世界的茶叶市场。

英语原文

From Tea Cake to Loose Tea

废团改散

In the 14th century, the Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of Ming dynasty ordered to replace the production of tea cakes with loose tea leaves. It has a huge impact on the tea industry as well as tea culture. 

Tea was prepared simply by steeping the leaves, a method we are now quite familiar with. New tea wares were invented like teapots and teacups. It was indeed a tremendous change for tea in China.

明万历青花折枝花纹提梁壶

Tea from the Ship Gothenburg

哥德堡号沉船茶样

And it had a great impact on the world too. From the 17th century on, Chinese tea was traded and introduced by the European merchants to the rest of the world. Tea soon became the most popular drink in the 17th and 18th century in Europe and America. 

The Swedish ship Gothenburg traveled to China in the 18th century for trading tea and porcelains. It crashed into a reef and was put into the bottom of the sea in its last voyage. The ship wreck was found in 1995 and tea inside the ship was discovered. Sweden government rebuilt a new ship out of the one in the 18th century and set sail again to China in 2005.

“哥德堡号”沉船打捞出的茶叶与瓷器

Secular Tea Culture

茶叶走向世俗

In Qing dynasty, teahouses became a social center for people to gather around and have fun. There were entertainments like storytelling and operas in the tea house. It formed a unique tea culture and enjoyed by the public.

清代老茶馆

重点词汇和短语

order: 命令

replace: 替代

loose tea leaves:散茶

huge：巨大的

impact：影响

simply：简单地

steep：冲泡

be familiar with：熟悉

tea ware：茶具

teapot：茶壶

teacup：茶杯

indeed：确实

trade：贸易

rest：其他

popular：流行的

Swedish：瑞典的

Porcelain：瓷器

crash：撞击

reef: 暗礁

voyage: 航行

wreck：残骸

rebuild：重建

set sail：出发

teahouse：茶馆

entertainment：娱乐

unique：独特的

public：公众